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The English Village Community

Frederic Seebohm

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Book Excerpt: 
. . .ry, each virgate to harrow as [a day's work] till ploughing time. To plough one day in spring. And to plough for fallowing for 1 day (warrectare) as above.

Services of a Cottarius.68

In the manor of Neweham are 10 cottiers (omitting William the miller and Adam de Neweham), each holding 1 messuage with appurtenances, and 6 acres. [If ad operationem] each to work 2 days a week (excepting Easter, Pentecost, and Christmas weeks). To drive, take messages, and bear loads. To give 'thac,' 'thol,' aid, and such like. But they give neither oats nor 'fisfe.' If 'ad firmam,' to render at each quarter-day (terminum) 6d. IX. CARTULARIES OF NEWMINSTER AND KELSO (XIII. CENTURY)—THE CONNEXION OF THE HOLDINGS WITH THE COMMON PLOUGH TEAM OF EIGHT OXEN.

Passing to the north of England, substantially the same system is found, along with customs and details which still further connect the gradations of the holdings in villenage. . . Read More