* See S. Hagar, "The Bearing of Astronomy on the Problems of the
Unity or Plurality and the Probable Place of Origin of the American
Aborigines, in American Anthropologist," vol. XIV (1912), pp. 43-48.

   Sign       English     Peruvian      Mexican       Maya
   ————————————————————————————
   Aries       Ram         Llama       Flayer          —

   Taurus      Bull (originally Stag)
                            Stag       Stag or Deer   Stag

   Gemini     Twins     Man and Woman    Twins        Two Generals

   Cancer     Crab      Cuttlefish     Cuttlefish     Cuttlefish

   Leo        Lion      Puma           Ocelot         Ocelot

   Virgo     Virgin (Mother Goddess of Cereals)
                       Maize Mother    Maize Mother   Maize Mother

   Libra     Scales (originally part of Scorpio)
                          Forks       Scorpion        Scorpion

   Scorpio    Scorpion    Mummy       Scorpion        Scorpion

   Sagittarius Bowman   Arrows or Spears
                               Hunter and War God Hunter and War God

   Capricornus  Sea Goat     Beard  Bearded God          —

   Aquarius     Water Pourer  Water       Water         Water

   Pisces     Fishes(and Knot)  Knot    Twisted Reeds    —

Notice how closely these lists are alike. The ram does not appear in America because no such animal was known there. The nearest substitute was the llama. In the Old World the second constellation is now called the bull, but curiously enough in earlier days it was called the stag in Mesopotamia. The twins, instead of being Castor and Pollux, may equally well be a man and a woman or two generals. To landsmen not familiar with creatures of the deep, the crab and the cuttlefish would not